This group evaluated original published epidemiological data from more than 20 countries. The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer performed the most comprehensive analysis of breast cancer and oral contraceptive use and reported findings in 1996. The association of oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women is controversial.
ACTION ESSENTIALS 3 RELEASE DATE SKIN
The rod is inserted subcutaneously, usually in the woman's upper arm over the area of the triceps muscle, where it is visible under the skin and can be easily palpated. Contraceptive protection begins within 24 hours of insertion if inserted during the first week of the menstrual cycle. The rate of release decreases to an average of 30 mcg/d in the latter years of use. The implant releases approximately 70 mcg of etonogestrel per 24 hours during the first year of use, achieving peak serum concentrations of 0.7-0.8 ng/mL within the first few weeks. Desogestrel is significantly more potent than levonorgestrel a serum concentration of 0.09 ng/mL can inhibit ovulation in most women. Etonogestrel is a biologically active metabolite of desogestrel. This method consists of a single rod of ethylene vinylacetate copolymer, measuring 40 mm long and 2 mm in diameter and containing 68 mg of etonogestrel. The newest version of the implant (Nexplanon), radiopaque for easier diagnostic testing, was introduced in 2011. In 2001, a desogestrel-based implant (Implanon) was approved and is associated with fewer side effects. The Norplant was removed from the market in 2002 due to adverse side effects.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the contraceptive use of the first levonorgestrel implant (Norplant) in 1990.
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